Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Ionized Calcium-Binding Adapter Molecule 1 Immunostaining Score for the Central Nervous System of Horses With Non-suppurative Encephalitis and Encephalopathies

Like humans, horses are susceptible to neurotropic and neuroinvasive pathogens that not always readily identified in histological sections. Instead, alterations astrocytes microglia cells can be used as pathological hallmarks of injured nervous tissue a variety infectious degenerative diseases. On the other hand, equine glial cell poorly characterized Therefore, this study, we provide statistically proved score system classify astrogliosis microgliosis central (CNS) horses, based on morphological quantitative analyses 35 cases encephalitis and/or encephalopathies four non-altered CNS controls. For system, fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) immunohistochemistry, allied statistical analysis confirm scores were correctly designated. The ranged from 0 (non-altered) 3 (severely altered) provided helpful method for describing astrocytic microglial suffering inflammatory lesions. This could template comparative studies animal species aid algorithms designed artificial intelligence methods lacking defined pattern.